I just made a discovery about the
available relay shields. If you remember my article about adding the
relays to the system, where I was looking also into the possibility
of using one of the ready made relay shields instead of putting one
together yourself? Well, I just discovered, that most of the relay
shields on the market are negative switching, meaning the activate in
input LOW which is not of great use for this project since we
programmed everything on activating while the output is HIGH. We
could change the software I guess but that would mean to have a
permanent current going through the output pins of the shift register
while nothing is switched on. Personally, I opt for having as less
current flow as any possible while nothing is used even we are
talking only about Milliamp s. Calculating it together, 16 relays and
a few indicator LED's, we are talking about roughly about 1,5 to 2
Amps.
To solve this problem, I will keep on
looking for a relay shield which is switching on input HIGH. If
somebody knows of one with relays rated 240V and 10A, pleas let me
know. Meanwhile I added the schematic of a 4-channel relay shield and
a image of the PCB of the 8 channel relay shield I am using for my
projects.
Above an example of a 4 channel relay shield. For 8 channels just keep on adding relays with there respective components (diode, transistor and resistor). The LED's are optional and only indicating which channel is activated or indicating the presence of the 5V power supply.
Above is the PCB layout I am using for my projects. If you like to copy it, please check it careful cause it's a double sided circuit board and be aware of the used relays because pin positions may vary.
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ReplyDeleteIs it good if the relay is connected to the mains (240V), 24x7? Or it will damage the relay....or may create some hazardous conditions?
ReplyDeleteEs long as you don't run more current through the relay as it is rated for no problem. If it's a big load on a low rated relay you may consider controlling a contactor fitting your load with the on board relay.
DeleteJust a small addition to the above. Adding a fuse or MCB to your load lower than the weakest link in the circuit. Like if you are using a 10 Amp rated relay, putting a 8 Amp fuse in will keep you safe anyway.
DeleteFor high voltages, you might consider restricting opening or closing contacts to the time when zero crossings occur to avoid arcing and contact welding.
DeleteI don't think there is a need for it in that scope if the load is kept well within the relay specifications. For high load switching I always would suggest controlling with the on board relay a suitable contactor. In places where lot's of switch cycles occur in a short period of time it definitely is worth a consideration to minimize possible malfunction and to extend the life time of the used relays and contactors.
DeleteIts easier way to solve that , use SSR Relay.
ReplyDeleteConsidering the 5 volt switching of the Arduino, it is quite a challenge to find fitting SSR relays except if you are happy with a max. 2A switching load. Well, there are some SSR relays around switching between 3 and 15 volts with a switching load of 5A. Personally, I had problems in the past with relays switching within a range when the switching voltage is close to the lower limit. Depending on what you want to control with the relay. A optoisolated relay shield with 8, 10 A rated relays you can get for around 14 Euro s, just over 10$. Suitable solid state relays between 2 and 5A rated we are talking about 9.00 and 20.00 $ per relay. I have room management units working with just standard 5A rated relays for over 8 years now with out any problems and after this amount of time I am happy replacing 1 complete 8 channel relay shield for the price of 1 solid state relay. Controlling some industrial equipment where a whole production stops or in some essential medical equipment I would also go for SSR relays.
Deleteplease apply a legend for your fritzing diagram - i would like to build a board of my own.
ReplyDeleteMany Thanks
Cameron
please apply a legend for your fritzing diagram - i would like to build a board of my own.
ReplyDeleteMany Thanks
Cameron
All Diodes 1N414B
DeleteTransistors BC 337
Resistors R1 - R4 1 K
Resistors R5 - R9 330 ohms
Relays JRC - 21F
LED's are 3.4V types
Alternative
Diodes 1N4004
and Transistors 2N2222
work as well.
As relay you can use everything with a 5V coil. Just make sure your switch contacts can handle what you want to switch with it.